監聽服務和訪問連接原理

端口號范圍：1025~6500

[oracle@oracle3 ~]$ lsnrctl  --進入監聽管理工具

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:13:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status  --查看監聽器狀態

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                    LISTENER
Version                  TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date               05-JUN-2014 09:38:27
Uptime                   0 days 1 hr. 34 min. 54 sec
Trace Level              off
Security                 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                     OFF
Listener Parameter File  /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File        /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521))) --端口號默認是1521，也就是對外提供服務的端口號。
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL33 --通過監聽器訪問
已連接。

ORCL33叫做網絡服務名（連接描述符），配置文件在客戶端，服務器上不需要的。

F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora --客戶端的路徑.網絡服務名配置文件

文件中：
ORCL33 =
 (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521)) --oracle server的IP，端口號，數據庫名字
   )
   (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
   )
 )

添加連接串兩種方法：1、通過圖形界面  2、直接修改這個文件

本地直接訪問，不需要經過監聽器，宿主機訪問是必須通過監聽器的。

用xmanager連接：
SQL> conn system/orcl --本機訪問
Connected.

SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL --本機通過監聽器訪問
Connected.

將監聽器停止
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:28:28

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
The command completed successfully

SQL> conn system/orcl --本機訪問不受影響
Connected.
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL --通過監聽器訪問不能連接
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS:no listener

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS: 無監聽程序

警告: 您不再連接到 ORACLE。

啟動監聽后查看狀態：

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                    LISTENER
Version                  TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date               05-JUN-2014 11:30:50
Uptime                   0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 49 sec
Trace Level              off
Security                 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                     OFF
Listener Parameter File  /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File        /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully --此時還是不能遠端訪問的，因為數據庫還沒監聽到

此時連接：
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS: 無監聽程序

警告: 您不再連接到 ORACLE。

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:46

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                    LISTENER
Version                  TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date               05-JUN-2014 11:30:50
Uptime                   0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 55 sec
Trace Level              off
Security                 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                     OFF
Listener Parameter File  /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File        /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  --數據庫被監聽到
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567 --此時遠端訪問正常
已連接。

簡單的檢測方法：
C:\Users\Administrator>tnsping ORCL2567  --ping網路描述符是否是可以訪問通的

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-6月 -
2014 11:38:41

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已使用的參數文件:
F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora

已使用 TNSNAMES 適配器來解析別名
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))
OK (30 毫秒)

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ tnsping ORCL1

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:41:09

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name --ping不通的表現

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